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+</style></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
       The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
-    " border="0"></a></td><td><h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 6.0</font></h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Version 6.0.41, May 19 2014</font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.gif" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" class="noPrint"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left" id="mainBody"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1><h2>SSL Configuration HOW-TO</h2><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
-<ul><li><a href="#Quick_Start">Quick Start</a></li><li><a href="#Introduction_to_SSL">Introduction to SSL</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_and_Tomcat">SSL and Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Certificates">Certificates</a></li><li><a href="#General_Tips_on_Running_SSL">General Tips on Running SSL</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#Prepare_the_Certificate_Keystore">Prepare the Certificate Keystore</a></li><li><a href="#Edit_the_Tomcat_Configuration_File">Edit the Tomcat Configuration File</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Installing_a_Certificate_from_a_Certificate_Authority">Installing a Certificate from a Certificate Authority</a><ol><li><a href="#Create_a_local_Certificate_Signing_Request_(CSR)">Create a local Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</a></li><li><a href="#Importing_the_Certificate">Importing the Certificate</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="#Miscellaneous_Tips_and_Bits">Miscellaneous Tips and Bits</a></li></ul>
+    " border="0"></a></td><td><h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 7</font></h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Version 7.0.77, Mar 28 2017</font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0" style="width: 266px;height: 83px;"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">16) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left" id="mainBody"><h1>SSL/TLS Configuration HOW-TO</h1><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<ul><li><a href="#Quick_Start">Quick Start</a></li><li><a href="#Introduction_to_SSL">Introduction to SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_and_Tomcat">SSL/TLS and Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Certificates">Certificates</a></li><li><a href="#General_Tips_on_Running_SSL">General Tips on Running SSL</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#Prepare_the_Certificate_Keystore">Prepare the Certificate Keystore</a></li><li><a href="#Edit_the_Tomcat_Configuration_File">Edit the Tomcat Configuration File</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Installing_a_Certificate_from_a_Certificate_Authority">Installing a Certificate from a Certificate Authority</a><ol><li><a href="#Create_a_local_Certificate_Signing_Request_(CSR)">Create a local Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</a></li><li><a href="#Importing_the_Certificate">Importing the Certificate</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="#Using_the_SSL_for_session_tracking_in_your_application">Using the SSL for session tracking in your application</a></li><li><a href="#Miscellaneous_Tips_and_Bits">Miscellaneous Tips and Bits</a></li></ul>
 </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Quick Start"><!--()--></a><a name="Quick_Start"><strong>Quick Start</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
 
     <blockquote><em>
     <p>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
     base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
-    not configured Tomcat 6 for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
     directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
-    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat 6.</p>
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</p>
     </em></blockquote>
 
-<p>To install and configure SSL support on Tomcat 6, you need to follow
+<p>To install and configure SSL/TLS support on Tomcat, you need to follow
 these simple steps.  For more information, read the rest of this HOW-TO.</p>
 <ol>
 <li>Create a keystore file to store the server's private key and
 self-signed certificate by executing the following command:
 <p>Windows:</p>
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</code></pre></div>
 <p>Unix:</p>
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
-<p></p>
-    and specify a password value of "changeit".</li><br><br>
-<li>Uncomment the "SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector" entry in
-    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> and modify as described in 
-    the <a href="#Configuration">Configuration section</a> below.</li>
-    <br><br>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>and specify a password value of "changeit".</p></li>
+<li><p>Uncomment the "SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector" entry in
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> and modify as described in
+    the <a href="#Configuration">Configuration section</a> below.</p></li>
 </ol>
 
 
-</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction to SSL"><!--()--></a><a name="Introduction_to_SSL"><strong>Introduction to SSL</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction_to_SSL"><strong>Introduction to SSL/TLS</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
 
-<p>SSL, or Secure Socket Layer, is a technology which allows web browsers and
-web servers to communicate over a secured connection.  This means that the data
-being sent is encrypted by one side, transmitted, then decrypted by the other
-side before processing.  This is a two-way process, meaning that both the
-server AND the browser encrypt all traffic before sending out data.</p>
+<p>Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer
+(SSL), are technologies which allow web browsers and web servers to communicate
+over a secured connection.  This means that the data being sent is encrypted by
+one side, transmitted, then decrypted by the other side before processing.
+This is a two-way process, meaning that both the server AND the browser encrypt
+all traffic before sending out data.</p>
 
-<p>Another important aspect of the SSL protocol is Authentication.  This means
+<p>Another important aspect of the SSL/TLS protocol is Authentication.  This means
 that during your initial attempt to communicate with a web server over a secure
 connection, that server will present your web browser with a set of
 credentials, in the form of a "Certificate", as proof the site is who and what
@@ -55,11 +126,13 @@
 used more for business-to-business (B2B) transactions than with individual
 users.  Most SSL-enabled web servers do not request Client Authentication.</p>
 
-</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="SSL and Tomcat"><!--()--></a><a name="SSL_and_Tomcat"><strong>SSL and Tomcat</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="SSL_and_Tomcat"><strong>SSL/TLS and Tomcat</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
 
 <p>It is important to note that configuring Tomcat to take advantage of
 secure sockets is usually only necessary when running it as a stand-alone
-web server.  When running Tomcat primarily as a Servlet/JSP container behind
+web server.  Details can be found in the
+<a href="security-howto.html">Security Considerations Document</a>.
+When running Tomcat primarily as a Servlet/JSP container behind
 another web server, such as Apache or Microsoft IIS, it is usually necessary
 to configure the primary web server to handle the SSL connections from users.
 Typically, this server will negotiate all SSL-related functionality, then
@@ -78,73 +151,40 @@
 The theory behind this design is that a server should provide some kind of
 reasonable assurance that its owner is who you think it is, particularly
 before receiving any sensitive information.  While a broader explanation of
-Certificates is beyond the scope of this document, think of a Certificate
-as a "digital driver's license" for an Internet address.  It states what
-company the site is associated with, along with some basic contact
-information about the site owner or administrator.</p>
+Certificates is beyond the scope of this document, think of a Certificate as a
+"digital passport" for an Internet address. It states which organisation the
+site is associated with, along with some basic contact information about the
+site owner or administrator.</p>
 
-<p>This "driver's license" is cryptographically signed by its owner, and is
-therefore extremely difficult for anyone else to forge.  For sites involved
-in e-commerce, or any other business transaction in which authentication of
-identity is important, a Certificate is typically purchased from a well-known
-<em>Certificate Authority</em> (CA) such as VeriSign or Thawte.  Such
-certificates can be electronically verified -- in effect, the Certificate
-Authority will vouch for the authenticity of the certificates that it grants,
-so you can believe that that Certificate is valid if you trust the Certificate
-Authority that granted it.</p>
+<p>This certificate is cryptographically signed by its owner, and is
+therefore extremely difficult for anyone else to forge. For the certificate to
+work in the visitors browsers without warnings, it needs to be signed by a
+trusted third party. These are called <em>Certificate Authorities</em> (CAs). To
+obtain a signed certificate, you need to choose a CA and follow the instructions
+your chosen CA provides to obtain your certificate. A range of CAs is available
+including some that offer certificates at no cost.</p>
 
-<p>In many cases, however, authentication is not really a concern.  An
-administrator may simply want to ensure that the data being transmitted and
-received by the server is private and cannot be snooped by anyone who may be
-eavesdropping on the connection.  Fortunately, Java provides a relatively
-simple command-line tool, called <code>keytool</code>, which can easily create
-a "self-signed" Certificate.  Self-signed Certificates are simply user
-generated Certificates which have not been officially registered with any
-well-known CA, and are therefore not really guaranteed to be authentic at all.
-Again, this may or may not even be important, depending on your needs.</p>
+<p>Java provides a relatively simple command-line tool, called
+<code>keytool</code>, which can easily create a "self-signed" Certificate.
+Self-signed Certificates are simply user generated Certificates which have not
+been signed by a well-known CA and are, therefore, not really guaranteed to be
+authentic at all. While self-signed certificates can be useful for some testing
+scenarios, they are not suitable for any form of production use.</p>
 
 </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="General Tips on Running SSL"><!--()--></a><a name="General_Tips_on_Running_SSL"><strong>General Tips on Running SSL</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
 
-<p>The first time a user attempts to access a secured page on your site,
-he or she is typically presented with a dialog containing the details of
-the certificate (such as the company and contact name), and asked if he or she
-wishes to accept the Certificate as valid and continue with the transaction.
-Some browsers will provide an option for permanently accepting a given
-Certificate as valid, in which case the user will not be bothered with a
-prompt each time they visit your site.  Other browsers do not provide this
-option.  Once approved by the user, a Certificate will be considered valid
-for at least the entire browser session.</p>
+<p>When securing a website with SSL it's important to make sure that all assets
+that the site uses are served over SSL, so that an attacker can't bypass
+the security by injecting malicious content in a javascript file or similar. To
+further enhance the security of your website, you should evaluate to use the
+HSTS header. It allows you to communicate to the browser that your site should
+always be accessed over https.</p>
 
-<p>Also, while the SSL protocol was designed to be as efficient as securely
-possible, encryption/decryption is a computationally expensive process from
-a performance standpoint.  It is not strictly necessary to run an entire
-web application over SSL, and indeed a developer can pick and choose which
-pages require a secure connection and which do not.  For a reasonably busy
-site, it is customary to only run certain pages under SSL, namely those
-pages where sensitive information could possibly be exchanged.  This would
-include things like login pages, personal information pages, and shopping
-cart checkouts, where credit card information could possibly be transmitted.
-Any page within an application can be requested over a secure socket by
-simply prefixing the address with <code>https:</code> instead of
-<code>http:</code>.  Any pages which absolutely <strong>require</strong>
-a secure connection should check the protocol type associated with the
-page request and take the appropriate action if <code>https</code> is not
-specified.</p>
-
-<p>Finally, using name-based virtual hosts on a secured connection can be
-problematic.  This is a design limitation of the SSL protocol itself.  The SSL
-handshake, where the client browser accepts the server certificate, must occur
-before the HTTP request is accessed.  As a result, the request information
-containing the virtual host name cannot be determined prior to authentication,
-and it is therefore not possible to assign multiple certificates to a single
-IP address.  If all virtual hosts on a single IP address need to authenticate
-against the same certificate, the addition of multiple virtual hosts should not
-interfere with normal SSL operations on the server.  Be aware, however, that
-most client browsers will compare the server's domain name against the domain
-name listed in the certificate, if any (applicable primarily to official,
-CA-signed certificates).  If the domain names do not match, these browsers will
-display a warning to the client user.  In general, only address-based virtual
-hosts are commonly used with SSL in a production environment.</p>
+<p>Using name-based virtual hosts on a secured connection requires careful
+configuration of the names specified in a single certificate or Tomcat 8.5
+onwards where Server Name Indication (SNI) support is available. SNI allows
+multiple certificates with different names to be associated with a single TLS
+connector.</p>
 
 </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Configuration"><strong>Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
 
@@ -166,31 +206,27 @@
 differ only in case.
 </p>
 
-<p>To import an existing certificate into a JKS keystore, please read the
+<p>To import an existing certificate into a <code>JKS</code> keystore, please read the
 documentation (in your JDK documentation package) about <code>keytool</code>.
-Note that OpenSSL often adds readable comments before the key,
-<code>keytool</code>does not support that, so remove the OpenSSL comments if
-they exist before importing the key using <code>keytool</code>.
+Note that OpenSSL often adds readable comments before the key, but
+<code>keytool</code> does not support that. So if your certificate has
+comments before the key data, remove them before importing the certificate with
+<code>keytool</code>.
 </p>
-<p>To import an existing certificate signed by your own CA into a PKCS12 
-keystore using OpenSSL you would execute a command like:
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>openssl pkcs12 -export -in mycert.crt -inkey mykey.key \
-                        -out mycert.p12 -name tomcat -CAfile myCA.crt \
-                        -caname root -chain
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
-For more advanced cases, consult the <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL
-documentation</a>.
-</p>
-<p>To create a new keystore from scratch, containing a single self-signed
-Certificate, execute the following from a terminal command line:</p>
+<p>To import an existing certificate signed by your own CA into a <code>PKCS12</code>
+keystore using OpenSSL you would execute a command like:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>openssl pkcs12 -export -in mycert.crt -inkey mykey.key
+                        -out mycert.p12 -name tomcat -CAfile myCA.crt
+                        -caname root -chain</code></pre></div>
+<p>For more advanced cases, consult the
+<a href="http://www.openssl.org/" rel="nofollow">OpenSSL documentation</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To create a new <code>JKS</code> keystore from scratch, containing a single
+self-signed Certificate, execute the following from a terminal command line:</p>
 <p>Windows:</p>
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</code></pre></div>
 <p>Unix:</p>
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</code></pre></div>
 
 <p>(The RSA algorithm should be preferred as a secure algorithm, and this
 also ensures general compatibility with other servers and components.)</p>
@@ -203,15 +239,11 @@
 reflect this new location in the <code>server.xml</code> configuration file,
 as described later.  For example:</p>
 <p>Windows:</p>
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA \
-  -keystore \path\to\my\keystore
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
+  -keystore \path\to\my\keystore</code></pre></div>
 <p>Unix:</p>
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA \
-  -keystore /path/to/my/keystore
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
+  -keystore /path/to/my/keystore</code></pre></div>
 
 <p>After executing this command, you will first be prompted for the keystore
 password.  The default password used by Tomcat is "<code>changeit</code>"
@@ -226,21 +258,16 @@
 
 <p>Finally, you will be prompted for the <em>key password</em>, which is the
 password specifically for this Certificate (as opposed to any other
-Certificates stored in the same keystore file).  You <strong>MUST</strong>
-use the same password here as was used for the keystore password itself.
-This is a restriction of the Tomcat implementation.
-(Currently, the <code>keytool</code> prompt will tell you that pressing the
-ENTER key does this for you automatically.)</p>
+Certificates stored in the same keystore file). The <code>keytool</code> prompt
+will tell you that pressing the ENTER key automatically uses the same password
+for the key as the keystore. You are free to use the same password or to select
+a custom one. If you select a different password to the keystore password, you
+will also need to specify the custom password in the <code>server.xml</code>
+configuration file.</p>
 
 <p>If everything was successful, you now have a keystore file with a
 Certificate that can be used by your server.</p>
 
-<p><strong>Note:</strong> your private key password and keystore password
-should be the same.  If they differ, you will get an error along the lines
-of <code>java.io.IOException: Cannot recover key</code>, as documented in 
-<a href="http://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=38217">Bugzilla issue 38217</a>, 
-which contains further references for this issue.</p>
-
 </blockquote></td></tr></table>
 
 <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Edit the Tomcat Configuration File"><!--()--></a><a name="Edit_the_Tomcat_Configuration_File"><strong>Edit the Tomcat Configuration File</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
@@ -251,52 +278,49 @@
 <li>the APR implementation, which uses the OpenSSL engine by default.</li>
 </ul>
 The exact configuration details depend on which implementation is being used.
-The implementation used by Tomcat is chosen automatically unless it is overriden as described below.
-If the installation uses <a href="apr.html">APR</a> 
+If you configured Connector by specifying generic
+<code>protocol="HTTP/1.1"</code> then the implementation used by Tomcat is
+chosen automatically. If the installation uses <a href="apr.html">APR</a>
 - i.e. you have installed the Tomcat native library -
-then it will use the APR SSL implementation, otherwise it will use the Java JSSE implementation.  
+then it will use the APR SSL implementation, otherwise it will use the Java
+JSSE implementation.
 </p>
 
 <p>
-  To avoid auto configuration you can define which implementation to use by specifying a classname 
-  in the <b>protocol</b> attribute of the Connector.<br>
-  To define a Java (JSSE) connector, regardless of whether the APR library is loaded or not do:
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-&lt;-- Define a blocking Java SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
-&lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
-           port="8443" .../&gt;
+As configuration attributes for SSL support significantly differ between
+APR vs. JSSE implementations, it is <strong>recommended</strong> to
+avoid auto-selection of implementation. It is done by specifying a classname
+in the <b>protocol</b> attribute of the <a href="config/http.html">Connector</a>.</p>
 
-&lt;-- Define a non-blocking Java SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
+<p>To define a Java (JSSE) connector, regardless of whether the APR library is
+loaded or not, use one of the following:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;!-- Define a HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443, JSSE NIO implementation --&gt;
 &lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
            port="8443" .../&gt;
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
-Alternatively, to specify an APR connector (the APR library must be available) use:
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-&lt;-- Define a APR SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
-&lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
-           port="8443" .../&gt;
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
 
-</p>
+&lt;!-- Define a HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443, JSSE BIO implementation --&gt;
+&lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
+           port="8443" .../&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>Alternatively, to specify an APR connector (the APR library must be available) use:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;!-- Define a HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443, APR implementation --&gt;
+&lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
+           port="8443" .../&gt;</code></pre></div>
 
 <p>If you are using APR, you have the option of configuring an alternative engine to OpenSSL.
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
 &lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
           SSLEngine="someengine" SSLRandomSeed="somedevice" /&gt;
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+</code></pre></div>
 The default value is
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
 &lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
           SSLEngine="on" SSLRandomSeed="builtin" /&gt;
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+</code></pre></div>
 So to use SSL under APR, make sure the SSLEngine attribute is set to something other than <code>off</code>.
 The default value is <code>on</code> and if you specify another value, it has to be a valid engine name.
-<br>
-If you haven't compiled in SSL support into your Tomcat Native library, then you can turn this initialization off
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-&lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
-          SSLEngine="off" /&gt;
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+</p>
+
+<p>
 SSLRandomSeed allows to specify a source of entropy. Productive system needs a reliable source of entropy
 but entropy may need a lot of time to be collected therefore test systems could use no blocking entropy
 sources like "/dev/urandom" that will allow quicker starts of Tomcat.
@@ -306,48 +330,43 @@
 <p>The final step is to configure the Connector in the
 <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file, where
 <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code> represents the base directory for the
-Tomcat 6 instance.  An example <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> element
+Tomcat instance.  An example <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> element
 for an SSL connector is included in the default <code>server.xml</code>
-file installed with Tomcat.  For JSSE, it should look something like this:</p>
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-&lt;-- Define a SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
-&lt;!--
-&lt;Connector 
+file installed with Tomcat.  To configure an SSL connector that uses JSSE, you
+will need to remove the comments and edit it so it looks something like
+this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+&lt;!-- Define a SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
+&lt;Connector
+           protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
            port="8443" maxThreads="200"
            scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"
            keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore" keystorePass="changeit"
            clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"/&gt;
---&gt;
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+</code></pre></div>
 <p>
-  The example above will throw an error if you have the APR and the Tomcat Native libraries in your path,
-  as Tomcat will try to use the APR connector. The APR connector uses different attributes for 
-  SSL keys and certificates. An example of an APR configuration is:
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-&lt;-- Define a SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
-&lt;!--
-&lt;Connector 
+  The APR connector uses different attributes for many SSL settings,
+  particularly keys and certificates. An example of an APR configuration is:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+&lt;!-- Define a SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
+&lt;Connector
+           protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
            port="8443" maxThreads="200"
            scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"
-           SSLCertificateFile="/usr/local/ssl/server.crt" 
+           SSLCertificateFile="/usr/local/ssl/server.crt"
            SSLCertificateKeyFile="/usr/local/ssl/server.pem"
-           clientAuth="optional" SSLProtocol="TLSv1"/&gt;
---&gt;
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+           SSLVerifyClient="optional" SSLProtocol="TLSv1+TLSv1.1+TLSv1.2"/&gt;
+</code></pre></div>
 </p>
 
-<p>You will note that the example SSL connector elements are commented out by
-default. You can either remove the comment tags from around the the example SSL
-connector you wish to use or add a new Connector element of your own. In either
-case, you will need to configure the SSL Connector for your requirements
-and environment. The configuration options and information on which attributes
-are mandatory for the JSSE based connectors (BIO and NIO) are documented in the
-SSL Support section of the <a href="config/http.html#SSL Support">HTTP
-connector</a> configuration reference. The configuration options and information
-on which attributes are mandatory for the APR connector are documented in the
-HTTPS section of the <a href="apr.html#HTTPS">APR How-To</a>.</p>
+<p>The configuration options and information on which attributes
+are mandatory, are documented in the SSL Support section of the
+<a href="config/http.html#SSL Support">HTTP connector</a> configuration
+reference. Make sure that you use the correct attributes for the connector you
+are using. The BIO and NIO connectors use JSSE whereas the APR/native connector
+uses APR.</p>
 
-<p>The <code>port</code> attribute (default value is 8443) is the TCP/IP
+<p>The <code>port</code> attribute is the TCP/IP
 port number on which Tomcat will listen for secure connections.  You can
 change this to any port number you wish (such as to the default port for
 <code>https</code> communications, which is 443).  However, special setup
@@ -365,10 +384,7 @@
 <p>After completing these configuration changes, you must restart Tomcat as
 you normally do, and you should be in business.  You should be able to access
 any web application supported by Tomcat via SSL.  For example, try:</p>
-<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
-https://localhost:8443
-</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
-
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>https://localhost:8443/</code></pre></div>
 <p>and you should see the usual Tomcat splash page (unless you have modified
 the ROOT web application).  If this does not work, the following section
 contains some troubleshooting tips.</p>
@@ -376,24 +392,24 @@
 </blockquote></td></tr></table>
 
 </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Installing a Certificate from a Certificate Authority"><!--()--></a><a name="Installing_a_Certificate_from_a_Certificate_Authority"><strong>Installing a Certificate from a Certificate Authority</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
-<p>To obtain and install a Certificate from a Certificate Authority (like verisign.com, thawte.com 
+<p>To obtain and install a Certificate from a Certificate Authority (like verisign.com, thawte.com
 or trustcenter.de), read the previous section and then follow these instructions:</p>
 
 <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Create a local Certificate Signing Request (CSR)"><!--()--></a><a name="Create_a_local_Certificate_Signing_Request_(CSR)"><strong>Create a local Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
-<p>In order to obtain a Certificate from the Certificate Authority of your choice 
-you have to create a so called Certificate Signing Request (CSR). That CSR will be used 
-by the Certificate Authority to create a Certificate that will identify your website 
+<p>In order to obtain a Certificate from the Certificate Authority of your choice
+you have to create a so called Certificate Signing Request (CSR). That CSR will be used
+by the Certificate Authority to create a Certificate that will identify your website
 as "secure". To create a CSR follow these steps:</p>
 <ul>
-<li>Create a local Certificate (as described in the previous section):
-    <div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA \
-    -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+<li>Create a local self-signed Certificate (as described in the previous section):
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
+    -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;</code></pre></div>
     Note: In some cases you will have to enter the domain of your website (i.e. <code>www.myside.org</code>)
-    in the field "first- and lastname" in order to create a working Certificate. 
+    in the field "first- and lastname" in order to create a working Certificate.
 </li>
 <li>The CSR is then created with:
-    <div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>keytool -certreq -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat -file certreq.csr \
-    -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>keytool -certreq -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat -file certreq.csr
+    -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;</code></pre></div>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <p>Now you have a file called <code>certreq.csr</code> that you can submit to the Certificate Authority (look at the
@@ -401,8 +417,8 @@
 </blockquote></td></tr></table>
 
 <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Importing the Certificate"><!--()--></a><a name="Importing_the_Certificate"><strong>Importing the Certificate</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
-<p>Now that you have your Certificate you can import it into you local keystore. 
-First of all you have to import a so called Chain Certificate or Root Certificate into your keystore. 
+<p>Now that you have your Certificate you can import it into you local keystore.
+First of all you have to import a so called Chain Certificate or Root Certificate into your keystore.
 After that you can proceed with importing your Certificate.</p>
 
 <ul>
@@ -417,12 +433,12 @@
             http://www.thawte.com/certs/trustmap.html<br>
 </li>
 <li>Import the Chain Certificate into your keystore
-    <div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>keytool -import -alias root -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt; \
-    -trustcacerts -file &lt;filename_of_the_chain_certificate&gt;</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>keytool -import -alias root -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;
+    -trustcacerts -file &lt;filename_of_the_chain_certificate&gt;</code></pre></div>
 </li>
 <li>And finally import your new Certificate
-    <div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>keytool -import -alias tomcat -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt; \
-    -file &lt;your_certificate_filename&gt;</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>keytool -import -alias tomcat -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;
+    -file &lt;your_certificate_filename&gt;</code></pre></div>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </blockquote></td></tr></table>
@@ -441,7 +457,7 @@
     be named <code>.keystore</code> in the user home directory under which
     Tomcat is running (which may or may not be the same as yours :-).  If
     the keystore file is anywhere else, you will need to add a
-    <code>keystoreFile</code> attribute to the <code>&lt;Factory&gt;</code>
+    <code>keystoreFile</code> attribute to the <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code>
     element in the <a href="#Edit the Tomcat Configuration File">Tomcat
     configuration file</a>.</p>
     </blockquote></li>
@@ -462,7 +478,7 @@
     </blockquote></li>
 
 <li>When Tomcat starts up, I get an exception like
-    "java.net.SocketException: SSL handshake errorjavax.net.ssl.SSLException: No
+    "java.net.SocketException: SSL handshake error javax.net.ssl.SSLException: No
     available certificate or key corresponds to the SSL cipher suites which are
     enabled."
     <blockquote>
@@ -475,6 +491,24 @@
     sensitive!</p>
     </blockquote></li>
 
+<li>My Java-based client aborts handshakes with exceptions such as
+    "java.lang.RuntimeException: Could not generate DH keypair" and
+    "java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: Prime size must be multiple
+    of 64, and can only range from 512 to 1024 (inclusive)"
+
+    <p>If you are using the APR/native connector, starting with version 1.1.34
+    it will determine the strength of ephemeral DH keys from the key size of
+    your RSA certificate. For example a 2048 bit RSA key will result in
+    using a 2048 bit primefor the DH keys. Unfortunately Java 6 only supports
+    768 bit and Java 7 only supports 1024 bit. So if your certificate has a
+    stronger key, old Java clients might produce such handshake failures.
+    As a mitigation you can either try to force them to use another cipher by
+    configuring an appropriate <code>SSLCipherSuite</code> and activate
+    <code>SSLHonorCipherOrder</code>, or embed weak DH params in your
+    certificate file. The latter approach is not recommended because it weakens
+    the SSL security (logjam attack).</p>
+    </li>
+
 </ul>
 
 <p>If you are still having problems, a good source of information is the
@@ -483,18 +517,115 @@
 information, at
 <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html</a>.</p>
 
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Using the SSL for session tracking in your application"><!--()--></a><a name="Using_the_SSL_for_session_tracking_in_your_application"><strong>Using the SSL for session tracking in your application</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+  <p>This is a new feature in the Servlet 3.0 specification. Because it uses the
+     SSL session ID associated with the physical client-server connection there
+     are some limitations. They are:
+    <ul>
+      <li>Tomcat must have a connector with the attribute
+          <strong>isSecure</strong> set to <code>true</code>.</li>
+      <li>If SSL connections are managed by a proxy or a hardware accelerator
+          they must populate the SSL request headers (see the
+          <a href="config/valve.html">SSLValve</a>) so that
+          the SSL session ID is visible to Tomcat.</li>
+      <li>If Tomcat terminates the SSL connection, it will not be possible to use
+          session replication as the SSL session IDs will be different on each
+          node.</li>
+    </ul>
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    To enable SSL session tracking you need to use a context listener to set the
+    tracking mode for the context to be just SSL (if any other tracking mode is
+    enabled, it will be used in preference). It might look something like:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+package org.apache.tomcat.example;
+
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
+import javax.servlet.SessionTrackingMode;
+
+public class SessionTrackingModeListener implements ServletContextListener {
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
+        // Do nothing
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
+        ServletContext context = event.getServletContext();
+        EnumSet&lt;SessionTrackingMode&gt; modes =
+            EnumSet.of(SessionTrackingMode.SSL);
+
+        context.setSessionTrackingModes(modes);
+    }
+
+}
+    </code></pre></div>
+  </p>
+  <p>Note: SSL session tracking is implemented for the BIO and NIO connectors.
+     It is not yet implemented for the APR connector.</p>
+
 </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Miscellaneous Tips and Bits"><!--()--></a><a name="Miscellaneous_Tips_and_Bits"><strong>Miscellaneous Tips and Bits</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
 
 <p>To access the SSL session ID from the request, use:<br>
 
   <code>
-    String sslID = (String)request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.request.ssl_session");
+    String sslID = (String)request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.request.ssl_session_id");
   </code>
 <br>
 For additional discussion on this area, please see
-<a href="http://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=22679">Bugzilla</a>.
+<a href="http://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=22679">Bugzilla</a>.
 </p>
 
-</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font color="#525D76" size="-1"><em>
-        Copyright &copy; 1999-2014, Apache Software Foundation
+  <p>To terminate an SSL session, use:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+// Standard HTTP session invalidation
+session.invalidate();
+
+// Invalidate the SSL Session
+org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLSessionManager mgr =
+    (org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLSessionManager)
+    request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.request.ssl_session_mgr");
+mgr.invalidateSession();
+
+// Close the connection since the SSL session will be active until the connection
+// is closed
+response.setHeader("Connection", "close");
+    </code></pre></div>
+    Note that this code is Tomcat specific due to the use of the
+    SSLSessionManager class. This is currently only available for the BIO and
+    NIO connectors, not the APR/native connector.
+  </p>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="noPrint"><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"></td><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="comments_section" id="comments_section"><strong>Comments</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
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