<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 7 (7.0.77) - Apache Portable Runtime (APR) based Native library for Tomcat</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"><style type="text/css" media="print">
    .noPrint {display: none;}
    td#mainBody {width: 100%;}
</style><style type="text/css">
code {background-color:rgb(224,255,255);padding:0 0.1em;}
code.attributeName, code.propertyName {background-color:transparent;}


table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  text-align: left;
}
table *:not(table) {
  /* Prevent border-collapsing for table child elements like <div> */
  border-collapse: separate;
}

th {
  text-align: left;
}


div.codeBox pre code, code.attributeName, code.propertyName, code.noHighlight, .noHighlight code {
  background-color: transparent;
}
div.codeBox {
  overflow: auto;
  margin: 1em 0;
}
div.codeBox pre {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 4px;
  border: 1px solid #999;
  border-radius: 5px;
  background-color: #eff8ff;
  display: table; /* To prevent <pre>s from taking the complete available width. */
  /*
  When it is officially supported, use the following CSS instead of display: table
  to prevent big <pre>s from exceeding the browser window:
  max-width: available;
  width: min-content;
  */
}

div.codeBox pre.wrap {
  white-space: pre-wrap;
}


table.defaultTable tr, table.detail-table tr {
    border: 1px solid #CCC;
}

table.defaultTable tr:nth-child(even), table.detail-table tr:nth-child(even) {
    background-color: #FAFBFF;
}

table.defaultTable tr:nth-child(odd), table.detail-table tr:nth-child(odd) {
    background-color: #EEEFFF;
}

table.defaultTable th, table.detail-table th {
  background-color: #88b;
  color: #fff;
}

table.defaultTable th, table.defaultTable td, table.detail-table th, table.detail-table td {
  padding: 5px 8px;
}


p.notice {
    border: 1px solid rgb(255, 0, 0);
    background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);
    color: rgb(0, 51, 102);
    padding: 0.5em;
    margin: 1em 2em 1em 1em;
}
</style></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
      The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
    " border="0"></a></td><td><h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 7</font></h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Version 7.0.77, Mar 28 2017</font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0" style="width: 266px;height: 83px;"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">16) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left" id="mainBody"><h1>Apache Portable Runtime (APR) based Native library for Tomcat</h1><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a><ol><li><a href="#Windows">Windows</a></li><li><a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#APR_Components">APR Components</a></li><li><a href="#APR_Lifecycle_Listener_Configuration">APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#AprLifecycleListener">AprLifecycleListener</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#APR_Connectors_Configuration">APR Connectors Configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#HTTP/HTTPS">HTTP/HTTPS</a></li><li><a href="#AJP">AJP</a></li></ol></li></ul>
</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>

  <p>
      Tomcat can use the <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime</a> to
      provide superior scalability, performance, and better integration with native server
      technologies. The Apache Portable Runtime is a highly portable library that is at
      the heart of Apache HTTP Server 2.x. APR has many uses, including access to advanced IO
      functionality (such as sendfile, epoll and OpenSSL), OS level functionality (random number
      generation, system status, etc), and native process handling (shared memory, NT
      pipes and Unix sockets).
  </p>

  <p>
      These features allows making Tomcat a general purpose webserver, will enable much better
      integration with other native web technologies, and overall make Java much more viable as
      a full fledged webserver platform rather than simply a backend focused technology.
  </p>

  </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Installation"><strong>Installation</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>

    <p>
      APR support requires three main native components to be installed:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>APR library</li>
      <li>JNI wrappers for APR used by Tomcat (libtcnative)</li>
      <li>OpenSSL libraries</li>
    </ul>

    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Windows"><strong>Windows</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>

    <p>
      Windows binaries are provided for tcnative-1, which is a statically compiled .dll which includes
      OpenSSL and APR. It can be downloaded from <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/download-native.cgi">here</a>
      as 32bit or AMD x86-64 binaries.
      In security conscious production environments, it is recommended to use separate shared dlls
      for OpenSSL, APR, and libtcnative-1, and update them as needed according to security bulletins.
      Windows OpenSSL binaries are linked from the <a href="http://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
      website</a> (see related/binaries).
    </p>

    </blockquote></td></tr></table>

    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Linux"><strong>Linux</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>

    <p>
      Most Linux distributions will ship packages for APR and OpenSSL. The JNI wrapper (libtcnative) will
      then have to be compiled. It depends on APR, OpenSSL, and the Java headers.
    </p>

    <p>
      Requirements:
    </p>
    <ul>
      <li>APR 1.2+ development headers (libapr1-dev package)</li>
      <li>OpenSSL 0.9.7+ development headers (libssl-dev package)</li>
      <li>JNI headers from Java compatible JDK 1.4+</li>
      <li>GNU development environment (gcc, make)</li>
    </ul>

    <p>
      The wrapper library sources are located in the Tomcat binary bundle, in the
      <code>bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz</code> archive.
      Once the build environment is installed and the source archive is extracted, the wrapper library
      can be compiled using (from the folder containing the configure script):
    </p>
    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>./configure &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</code></pre></div>

    </blockquote></td></tr></table>

  </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="APR Components"><!--()--></a><a name="APR_Components"><strong>APR Components</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>

  <p>
    Once the libraries are properly installed and available to Java (if loading fails, the library path
    will be displayed), the Tomcat connectors will automatically use APR. Configuration of the connectors
    is similar to the regular connectors, but have a few extra attributes which are used to configure
    APR components. Note that the defaults should be well tuned for most use cases, and additional
    tweaking shouldn't be required.
  </p>

  <p>
    When APR is enabled, the following features are also enabled in Tomcat:
  </p>
  <ul>
    <li>Secure session ID generation by default on all platforms (platforms other than Linux required
        random number generation using a configured entropy)</li>
    <li>OS level statistics on memory usage and CPU usage by the Tomcat process are displayed by
        the status servlet</li>
  </ul>

  </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration"><!--()--></a><a name="APR_Lifecycle_Listener_Configuration"><strong>APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="AprLifecycleListener"><strong>AprLifecycleListener</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
    <table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr><th width="15%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Attribute</font></th><th width="85%" bgcolor="#023264"><font color="#ffffff">Description</font></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="center"><code class="attributeName">SSLEngine</code></td><td align="left" valign="center">
    <p>
      Name of the SSLEngine to use. off: Do not use SSL, on: Use SSL but no specific ENGINE.
      The default value is <b>on</b>.
      This initializes the native SSL engine, then enable the use of this engine in the connector
      using the <code>SSLEnabled</code> attribute. Example:
    </p>
      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /&gt;</code></pre></div>

    <p>See the <a href="http://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
       website</a> for more details on SSL hardware engines and manufacturers.
    </p>
    </td></tr></table>
    </blockquote></td></tr></table>
  </blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="APR Connectors Configuration"><!--()--></a><a name="APR_Connectors_Configuration"><strong>APR Connectors Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>

    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="HTTP/HTTPS"><strong>HTTP/HTTPS</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>

      <p>For HTTP configuration, see the <a href="config/http.html">HTTP</a>
      connector configuration documentation.</p>

      <p>For HTTPS configuration, see the
      <a href="config/http.html#SSL_Support">HTTPS</a> connector configuration
      documentation.</p>

      <p>An example SSL Connector declaration is:</p>
      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Connector port="443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
                 maxThreads="150"
                 enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
                 acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"
                 SSLEnabled="true"
                 SSLCertificateFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.crt"
                 SSLCertificateKeyFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.key" /&gt;</code></pre></div>


    </blockquote></td></tr></table>

    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="AJP"><strong>AJP</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>

      <p>For AJP configuration, see the <a href="config/ajp.html">AJP</a>
      connector configuration documentation.</p>

    </blockquote></td></tr></table>

  </blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="noPrint"><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"></td><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="comments_section" id="comments_section"><strong>Comments</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
              on improving documentation for Apache Tomcat.<br><br>
              If you have trouble and need help, read
              <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a> page
              and ask your question on the tomcat-users
              <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">mailing list</a>.
              Do not ask such questions here. This is not a Q&amp;A section.<br><br>
              The Apache Comments System is explained <a href="./comments.html">here</a>.
              Comments may be removed by our moderators if they are either
              implemented or considered invalid/off-topic.</p><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
              var comments_shortname = 'tomcat';
              var comments_identifier = 'http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/apr.html';
              (function(w, d) {
                  if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "tomcat.apache.org") {
                      d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>');
                      var s = d.createElement('script');
                      s.type = 'text/javascript';
                      s.async = true;
                      s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier;
                      (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s);
                  }
                  else {
                      d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><strong>Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/strong><\/div>');
                  }
              })(window, document);
              //--><!]]></script></blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade size="1"></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font color="#525D76" size="-1"><em>
        Copyright &copy; 1999-2017, Apache Software Foundation
        </em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>