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+================================================================================
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
+================================================================================
+
+ ===================================================
+ Running The Apache Tomcat 6.0 Servlet/JSP Container
+ ===================================================
+
+Apache Tomcat 6.0 requires a Java Standard Edition Runtime
+Environment (JRE) version 5.0 or later.
+
+=============================
+Running With JRE 5.0 Or Later
+=============================
+
+(1) Download and Install a Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE)
+
+(1.1) Download a Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE),
+ release version 5.0 or later, from
+ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
+
+(1.2) Install the JRE according to the instructions included with the
+ release.
+
+ You may also use a full Java Development Kit (JDK) rather than just
+ a JRE.
+
+
+(2) Download and Install Apache Tomcat
+
+(2.1) Download a binary distribution of Tomcat from:
+
+ http://tomcat.apache.org/
+
+(2.2) Unpack the binary distribution so that it resides in its own
+ directory (conventionally named "apache-tomcat-[version]").
+
+ For the purposes of the remainder of this document, the name
+ "CATALINA_HOME" is used to refer to the full pathname of that
+ directory.
+
+NOTE: As an alternative to downloading a binary distribution, you can
+create your own from the Tomcat source code, as described in
+"BUILDING.txt". You can either
+
+ a) Do the full "release" build and find the created distribution in the
+ "output/release" directory and then proceed with unpacking as above, or
+
+ b) Do a simple build and use the "output/build" directory as
+ "CATALINA_HOME". Be warned that there are some differences between the
+ contents of the "output/build" directory and a full "release"
+ distribution.
+
+
+(3) Configure Environment Variables
+
+Tomcat is a Java application and does not use environment variables. The
+variables are used by the Tomcat startup scripts. The scripts use the variables
+to prepare the command that starts Tomcat.
+
+(3.1) Set CATALINA_HOME (required) and CATALINA_BASE (optional)
+
+The CATALINA_HOME environment variable should be set to the location of the
+root directory of the "binary" distribution of Tomcat.
+
+An example was given in (2.2) above.
+
+The Tomcat startup scripts have some logic to set this variable
+automatically if it is absent, based on the location of the startup script
+in *nix and on the current directory in Windows. That logic might not work
+in all circumstances, so setting the variable explicitly is recommended.
+
+The CATALINA_BASE environment variable specifies location of the root
+directory of the "active configuration" of Tomcat. It is optional. It
+defaults to be equal to CATALINA_HOME.
+
+Using distinct values for the CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE variables is
+recommended to simplify further upgrades and maintenance. It is documented
+in the "Multiple Tomcat Instances" section below.
+
+
+(3.2) Set JRE_HOME or JAVA_HOME (required)
+
+These variables are used to specify location of a Java Runtime
+Environment or of a Java Development Kit that is used to start Tomcat.
+
+The JRE_HOME variable is used to specify location of a JRE. The JAVA_HOME
+variable is used to specify location of a JDK.
+
+Using JAVA_HOME provides access to certain additional startup options that
+are not allowed when JRE_HOME is used.
+
+If both JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME are specified, JRE_HOME is used.
+
+The recommended place to specify these variables is a "setenv" script. See
+below.
+
+
+(3.3) Other variables (optional)
+
+Other environment variables exist, besides the four described above.
+See the comments at the top of catalina.bat or catalina.sh scripts for
+the list and a description of each of them.
+
+One frequently used variable is CATALINA_OPTS. It allows specification of
+additional options for the java command that starts Tomcat.
+
+See the Java documentation for the options that affect the Java Runtime
+Environment.
+
+See the "System Properties" page in the Tomcat Configuration Reference for
+the system properties that are specific to Tomcat.
+
+A similar variable is JAVA_OPTS. It is used less frequently. It allows
+specification of options that are used both to start and to stop Tomcat as well
+as for other commands.
+
+Note: Do not use JAVA_OPTS to specify memory limits. You do not need much
+memory for a small process that is used to stop Tomcat. Those settings
+belong to CATALINA_OPTS.
+
+Another frequently used variable is CATALINA_PID (on *nix only). It
+specifies the location of the file where process id of the forked Tomcat
+java process will be written. This setting is optional. It will enable the
+following features:
+
+ * better protection against duplicate start attempts and
+ * allows forceful termination of Tomcat process when it does not react to
+ the standard shutdown command.
+
+
+(3.4) Using the "setenv" script (optional, recommended)
+
+Apart from CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE, all environment variables can
+be specified in the "setenv" script. The script is placed either into
+CATALINA_BASE/bin or into CATALINA_HOME/bin directory and is named
+setenv.bat (on Windows) or setenv.sh (on *nix). The file has to be
+readable.
+
+By default the setenv script file is absent. If the script file is present
+both in CATALINA_BASE and in CATALINA_HOME, the one in CATALINA_BASE is
+preferred.
+
+For example, to configure the JRE_HOME and CATALINA_PID variables you can
+create the following script file:
+
+On Windows, %CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat:
+
+ set "JRE_HOME=%ProgramFiles%\Java\jre6"
+ exit /b 0
+
+On *nix, $CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh:
+
+ JRE_HOME=/usr/java/latest
+ CATALINA_PID="$CATALINA_BASE/tomcat.pid"
+
+
+The CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE variables cannot be configured in the
+setenv script, because they are used to locate that file.
+
+All the environment variables described here and the "setenv" script are
+used only if you use the standard scripts to launch Tomcat. For example, if
+you have installed Tomcat as a service on Windows, the service wrapper
+launches Java directly and does not use the script files.
+
+
+(4) Start Up Tomcat
+
+(4.1) Tomcat can be started by executing one of the following commands:
+
+ On Windows:
+
+ %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\startup.bat
+
+ or
+
+ %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat start
+
+ On *nix:
+
+ $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
+
+ or
+
+ $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start
+
+(4.2) After startup, the default web applications included with Tomcat will be
+ available by visiting:
+
+ http://localhost:8080/
+
+(4.3) Further information about configuring and running Tomcat can be found in
+ the documentation included here, as well as on the Tomcat web site:
+
+ http://tomcat.apache.org/
+
+
+(5) Shut Down Tomcat
+
+(5.1) Tomcat can be shut down by executing one of the following commands:
+
+ On Windows:
+
+ %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\shutdown.bat
+
+ or
+
+ %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat stop
+
+ On *nix:
+
+ $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
+
+ or
+
+ $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop
+
+==================================================
+Advanced Configuration - Multiple Tomcat Instances
+==================================================
+
+In many circumstances, it is desirable to have a single copy of a Tomcat
+binary distribution shared among multiple users on the same server. To make
+this possible, you can set the CATALINA_BASE environment variable to the
+directory that contains the files for your 'personal' Tomcat instance.
+
+When running with a separate CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE, the files
+and directories are split as following:
+
+In CATALINA_BASE:
+
+ * bin - Only the following files:
+
+ * setenv.sh (*nix) or setenv.bat (Windows),
+ * tomcat-juli.jar
+
+ The setenv scripts were described above. The tomcat-juli library
+ is documented in the Logging chapter in the User Guide.
+
+ * conf - Server configuration files (including server.xml)
+
+ * lib - Libraries and classes, as explained below
+
+ * logs - Log and output files
+
+ * webapps - Automatically loaded web applications
+
+ * work - Temporary working directories for web applications
+
+ * temp - Directory used by the JVM for temporary files (java.io.tmpdir)
+
+
+In CATALINA_HOME:
+
+ * bin - Startup and shutdown scripts
+
+ The following files will be used only if they are absent in
+ CATALINA_BASE/bin:
+
+ setenv.sh (*nix), setenv.bat (Windows), tomcat-juli.jar
+
+ * lib - Libraries and classes, as explained below
+
+ * endorsed - Libraries that override standard "Endorsed Standards"
+ libraries provided by JRE. See Classloading documentation
+ in the User Guide for details.
+
+ By default this "endorsed" directory is absent.
+
+In the default configuration the JAR libraries and classes both in
+CATALINA_BASE/lib and in CATALINA_HOME/lib will be added to the common
+classpath, but the ones in CATALINA_BASE will be added first and thus will
+be searched first.
+
+The idea is that you may leave the standard Tomcat libraries in
+CATALINA_HOME/lib and add other ones such as database drivers into
+CATALINA_BASE/lib.
+
+In general it is advised to never share libraries between web applications,
+but put them into WEB-INF/lib directories inside the applications. See
+Classloading documentation in the User Guide for details.
+
+
+It might be useful to note that the values of CATALINA_HOME and
+CATALINA_BASE can be referenced in the XML configuration files processed
+by Tomcat as ${catalina.home} and ${catalina.base} respectively.
+
+For example, the standard manager web application can be kept in
+CATALINA_HOME/webapps/manager and loaded into CATALINA_BASE by using
+the following trick:
+
+ * Copy the CATALINA_HOME/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
+ file as CATALINA_BASE/conf/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml
+
+ * Add docBase attribute as shown below.
+
+The file will look like the following:
+
+ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+ <Context docBase="${catalina.home}/webapps/manager"
+ antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" useHttpOnly="true" >
+ <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+ allow="127\.0\.0\.1" />
+ </Context>
+
+See Deployer chapter in User Guide and Context and Host chapters in the
+Configuration Reference for more information on contexts and web
+application deployment.
+
+
+================
+Troubleshooting
+================
+
+There are only really 2 things likely to go wrong during the stand-alone
+Tomcat install:
+
+(1) The most common hiccup is when another web server (or any process for that
+ matter) has laid claim to port 8080. This is the default HTTP port that
+ Tomcat attempts to bind to at startup. To change this, open the file:
+
+ $CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml
+
+ and search for '8080'. Change it to a port that isn't in use, and is
+ greater than 1024, as ports less than or equal to 1024 require superuser
+ access to bind under UNIX.
+
+ Restart Tomcat and you're in business. Be sure that you replace the "8080"
+ in the URL you're using to access Tomcat. For example, if you change the
+ port to 1977, you would request the URL http://localhost:1977/ in your
+ browser.
+
+(2) The 'localhost' machine isn't found. This could happen if you're behind a
+ proxy. If that's the case, make sure the proxy configuration for your
+ browser knows that you shouldn't be going through the proxy to access the
+ "localhost".
+
+ In Firefox, this is under Tools/Preferences -> Advanced/Network ->
+ Connection -> Settings..., and in Internet Explorer it is Tools ->
+ Internet Options -> Connections -> LAN Settings.
+
+
+====================
+Optional Components
+====================
+
+The following optional components may be included with the Apache Tomcat binary
+distribution. If they are not included, you can install them separately.
+
+ 1. Apache Tomcat Native library
+
+ 2. Apache Commons Daemon service launcher
+
+Both of them are implemented in C language and as such have to be compiled
+into binary code. The binary code will be specific for a platform and CPU
+architecture and it must match the Java Runtime Environment executables
+that will be used to launch Tomcat.
+
+The Windows-specific binary distributions of Apache Tomcat include binary
+files for these components. On other platforms you would have to look for
+binary versions elsewhere or compile them yourself.
+
+If you are new to Tomcat, do not bother with these components to start with.
+If you do use them, do not forget to read their documentation.
+
+
+Apache Tomcat Native library
+-----------------------------
+
+It is a library that allows to use the "Apr" variant of HTTP and AJP
+protocol connectors in Apache Tomcat. It is built around OpenSSL and Apache
+Portable Runtime (APR) libraries. Those are the same libraries as used by
+Apache HTTPD Server project.
+
+This feature was especially important in the old days when Java performance
+was poor. It is less important nowadays, but it is still used and respected
+by many. See Tomcat documentation for more details.
+
+For further reading:
+
+ - Apache Tomcat documentation
+
+ * Documentation for APR/Native library in the Tomcat User's Guide
+
+ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/apr.html
+
+ * Documentation for the HTTP and AJP protocol connectors in the Tomcat
+ Configuration Reference
+
+ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/config/http.html
+
+ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/config/ajp.html
+
+ - Apache Tomcat Native project home
+
+ http://tomcat.apache.org/native-doc/
+
+ - Other projects
+
+ * OpenSSL
+
+ http://openssl.org/
+
+ * Apache Portable Runtime
+
+ http://apr.apache.org/
+
+ * Apache HTTP Server
+
+ http://httpd.apache.org/
+
+To disable Apache Tomcat Native library:
+
+ - To disable Apache Tomcat Native library when it is installed, or
+ - To remove the warning that is logged during Tomcat startup when the
+ library is not installed:
+
+ Edit the "conf/server.xml" file and remove "AprLifecycleListener" from
+ it.
+
+The binary file of Apache Tomcat Native library is usually named
+
+ - "tcnative-1.dll" on Windows
+ - "libtcnative-1.so" on *nix systems
+
+
+Apache Commons Daemon
+----------------------
+
+Apache Commons Daemon project provides wrappers that can be used to
+install Apache Tomcat as a service on Windows or as a daemon on *nix
+systems.
+
+The Windows-specific implementation of Apache Commons Daemon is called
+"procrun". The *nix-specific one is called "jsvc".
+
+For further reading:
+
+ - Apache Commons Daemon project
+
+ http://commons.apache.org/daemon/
+
+ - Apache Tomcat documentation
+
+ * Installing Apache Tomcat
+
+ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/setup.html
+
+ * Windows service HOW-TO
+
+ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/windows-service-howto.html
+
+The binary files of Apache Commons Daemon in Apache Tomcat distributions
+for Windows are named:
+
+ - "tomcat6.exe"
+ - "tomcat6w.exe"
+
+These files are renamed copies of "prunsrv.exe" and "prunmgr.exe" from
+Apache Commons Daemon distribution. The file names have a meaning: they are
+used as the service name to register the service in Windows, as well as the
+key name to store distinct configuration for this installation of
+"procrun". If you would like to install several instances of Tomcat 6.0
+in parallel, you have to further rename those files, using the same naming
+scheme.