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+<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 7 (7.0.42) - Security Manager HOW-TO</title><meta name="author" content="Glenn Nielsen"><meta name="author" content="Jean-Francois Arcand"><style type="text/css" media="print">
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+ </style></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
+ The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
+ " border="0"></a></td><td><h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 7</font></h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Version 7.0.42, Jul 2 2013</font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.gif" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left" id="mainBody"><h1>Security Manager HOW-TO</h1><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<ul><li><a href="#Background">Background</a></li><li><a href="#Permissions">Permissions</a><ol><li><a href="#Standard_Permissions">Standard Permissions</a></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_Custom_Permissions">Tomcat Custom Permissions</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Tomcat_With_A_SecurityManager">Configuring Tomcat With A SecurityManager</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Package_Protection_in_Tomcat">Configuring Package Protection in Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li></ul>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Background"><strong>Background</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+ <p>The Java <strong>SecurityManager</strong> is what allows a web browser
+ to run an applet in its own sandbox to prevent untrusted code from
+ accessing files on the local file system, connecting to a host other
+ than the one the applet was loaded from, and so on. In the same way
+ the SecurityManager protects you from an untrusted applet running in
+ your browser, use of a SecurityManager while running Tomcat can protect
+ your server from trojan servlets, JSPs, JSP beans, and tag libraries.
+ Or even inadvertent mistakes.</p>
+
+ <p>Imagine if someone who is authorized to publish JSPs on your site
+ inadvertently included the following in their JSP:</p>
+<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+<% System.exit(1); %>
+</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+
+ <p>Every time this JSP was executed by Tomcat, Tomcat would exit.
+ Using the Java SecurityManager is just one more line of defense a
+ system administrator can use to keep the server secure and reliable.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - A security audit
+ have been conducted using the Tomcat codebase. Most of the critical
+ package have been protected and a new security package protection mechanism
+ has been implemented. Still, make sure that you are satisfied with your SecurityManager
+ configuration before allowing untrusted users to publish web applications,
+ JSPs, servlets, beans, or tag libraries. <strong>However, running with a
+ SecurityManager is definitely better than running without one.</strong></p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Permissions"><strong>Permissions</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+ <p>Permission classes are used to define what Permissions a class loaded
+ by Tomcat will have. There are a number of Permission classes that are
+ a standard part of the JDK, and you can create your own Permission class
+ for use in your own web applications. Both techniques are used in
+ Tomcat.</p>
+
+
+ <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Standard Permissions"><!--()--></a><a name="Standard_Permissions"><strong>Standard Permissions</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+ <p>This is just a short summary of the standard system SecurityManager
+ Permission classes applicable to Tomcat. See
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/security/">http://java.sun.com/security/</a>
+ for more information.</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><strong>java.util.PropertyPermission</strong> - Controls read/write
+ access to JVM properties such as <code>java.home</code>.</li>
+ <li><strong>java.lang.RuntimePermission</strong> - Controls use of
+ some System/Runtime functions like <code>exit()</code> and
+ <code>exec()</code>. Also control the package access/definition.</li>
+ <li><strong>java.io.FilePermission</strong> - Controls read/write/execute
+ access to files and directories.</li>
+ <li><strong>java.net.SocketPermission</strong> - Controls use of
+ network sockets.</li>
+ <li><strong>java.net.NetPermission</strong> - Controls use of
+ multicast network connections.</li>
+ <li><strong>java.lang.reflect.ReflectPermission</strong> - Controls
+ use of reflection to do class introspection.</li>
+ <li><strong>java.security.SecurityPermission</strong> - Controls access
+ to Security methods.</li>
+ <li><strong>java.security.AllPermission</strong> - Allows access to all
+ permissions, just as if you were running Tomcat without a
+ SecurityManager.</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ </blockquote></td></tr></table>
+
+
+ <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#828DA6"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Tomcat Custom Permissions"><!--()--></a><a name="Tomcat_Custom_Permissions"><strong>Tomcat Custom Permissions</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+ <p>Tomcat utilizes a custom permission class called
+ <strong>org.apache.naming.JndiPermission</strong>. This permission
+ controls read access to JNDI named file based resources. The permission
+ name is the JNDI name and there are no actions. A trailing "*" can be
+ used to do wild card matching for a JNDI named file resource when
+ granting permission. For example, you might include the following
+ in your policy file:</p>
+<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+permission org.apache.naming.JndiPermission "jndi://localhost/examples/*";
+</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+
+ <p>A Permission entry like this is generated dynamically for each web
+ application that is deployed, to allow it to read its own static resources
+ but disallow it from using file access to read any other files (unless
+ permissions for those files are explicitly granted).</p>
+
+ <p>Also, Tomcat always dynamically creates the following file permissions:</p>
+<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+permission java.io.FilePermission "** your application context**", "read";
+
+permission java.io.FilePermission
+ "** application working directory**", "read,write";
+permission java.io.FilePermission
+ "** application working directory**/-", "read,write,delete";
+</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+ <p>Where **your application context** equals the folder (or WAR file) under which
+ your application has been deployed and **application working directory** is the
+ temporary directory provided to your application as required by the
+ Servlet Specification.</p>
+
+ </blockquote></td></tr></table>
+
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Configuring Tomcat With A SecurityManager"><!--()--></a><a name="Configuring_Tomcat_With_A_SecurityManager"><strong>Configuring Tomcat With A SecurityManager</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+ <h3>Policy File Format</h3>
+
+ <p>The security policies implemented by the Java SecurityManager are
+ configured in the <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy</code> file.
+ This file completely replaces the <code>java.policy</code> file present
+ in your JDK system directories. The <code>catalina.policy</code> file
+ can be edited by hand, or you can use the
+ <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/security/PolicyGuide.html">policytool</a>
+ application that comes with Java 1.2 or later.</p>
+
+ <p>Entries in the <code>catalina.policy</code> file use the standard
+ <code>java.policy</code> file format, as follows:</p>
+<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+// Example policy file entry
+
+grant [signedBy <signer>,] [codeBase <code source>] {
+ permission <class> [<name> [, <action list>]];
+};
+</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+
+ <p>The <strong>signedBy</strong> and <strong>codeBase</strong> entries are
+ optional when granting permissions. Comment lines begin with "//" and
+ end at the end of the current line. The <code>codeBase</code> is in the
+ form of a URL, and for a file URL can use the <code>${java.home}</code>
+ and <code>${catalina.home}</code> properties (which are expanded out to
+ the directory paths defined for them by the <code>JAVA_HOME</code>,
+ <code>CATALINA_HOME</code> and <code>CATALINA_BASE</code> environment
+ variables).</p>
+
+ <h3>The Default Policy File</h3>
+
+ <p>The default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy</code> file
+ looks like this:</p>
+
+
+<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+// contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+// this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+// The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+// the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// ============================================================================
+// catalina.policy - Security Policy Permissions for Tomcat 7
+//
+// This file contains a default set of security policies to be enforced (by the
+// JVM) when Catalina is executed with the "-security" option. In addition
+// to the permissions granted here, the following additional permissions are
+// granted to each web application:
+//
+// * Read access to the web application's document root directory
+// * Read, write and delete access to the web application's working directory
+//
+// $Id: catalina.policy 1460221 2013-03-23 20:17:29Z kkolinko $
+// ============================================================================
+
+
+// ========== SYSTEM CODE PERMISSIONS =========================================
+
+
+// These permissions apply to javac
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/-" {
+ permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/jre/lib/ext/-" {
+ permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to javac when ${java.home] points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/../lib/-" {
+ permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions when
+// ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/ext/-" {
+ permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+
+// ========== CATALINA CODE PERMISSIONS =======================================
+
+
+// These permissions apply to the daemon code
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/commons-daemon.jar" {
+ permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the logging API
+// Note: If tomcat-juli.jar is in ${catalina.base} and not in ${catalina.home},
+// update this section accordingly.
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {..}
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {
+ permission java.io.FilePermission
+ "${java.home}${file.separator}lib${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+
+ permission java.io.FilePermission
+ "${catalina.base}${file.separator}conf${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+ permission java.io.FilePermission
+ "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs", "read, write";
+ permission java.io.FilePermission
+ "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs${file.separator}*", "read, write";
+
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "shutdownHooks";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getClassLoader";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "setContextClassLoader";
+
+ permission java.util.logging.LoggingPermission "control";
+
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.class", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.file", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "catalina.base", "read";
+
+ // Note: To enable per context logging configuration, permit read access to
+ // the appropriate file. Be sure that the logging configuration is
+ // secure before enabling such access.
+ // E.g. for the examples web application (uncomment and unwrap
+ // the following to be on a single line):
+ // permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator}
+ // webapps${file.separator}examples${file.separator}WEB-INF
+ // ${file.separator}classes${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the server startup code
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/bootstrap.jar" {
+ permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the servlet API classes
+// and those that are shared across all class loaders
+// located in the "lib" directory
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/lib/-" {
+ permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+
+// If using a per instance lib directory, i.e. ${catalina.base}/lib,
+// then the following permission will need to be uncommented
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/lib/-" {
+// permission java.security.AllPermission;
+// };
+
+
+// ========== WEB APPLICATION PERMISSIONS =====================================
+
+
+// These permissions are granted by default to all web applications
+// In addition, a web application will be given a read FilePermission
+// and JndiPermission for all files and directories in its document root.
+grant {
+ // Required for JNDI lookup of named JDBC DataSource's and
+ // javamail named MimePart DataSource used to send mail
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.home", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.naming.*", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "javax.sql.*", "read";
+
+ // OS Specific properties to allow read access
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.name", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.version", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.arch", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "path.separator", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read";
+
+ // JVM properties to allow read access
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.version", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor.url", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.class.version", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.version", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.vendor", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.name", "read";
+
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.version", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.vendor", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.name", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.version", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.vendor", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.name", "read";
+
+ // Required for OpenJMX
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getAttribute";
+
+ // Allow read of JAXP compliant XML parser debug
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission "jaxp.debug", "read";
+
+ // All JSPs need to be able to read this package
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat";
+
+ // Precompiled JSPs need access to these packages.
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.el";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission
+ "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime.*";
+
+ // Precompiled JSPs need access to these system properties.
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission
+ "org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission
+ "org.apache.el.parser.COERCE_TO_ZERO", "read";
+
+ // The cookie code needs these.
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission
+ "org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission
+ "org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING", "read";
+ permission java.util.PropertyPermission
+ "org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.FWD_SLASH_IS_SEPARATOR", "read";
+
+ // Applications using Comet need to be able to access this package
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.comet";
+
+ // Applications using WebSocket need to be able to access this package
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.websocket";
+};
+
+
+// The Manager application needs access to the following packages to support the
+// session display functionality. These settings support the following
+// configurations:
+// - default CATALINA_HOME == CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, per instance Manager in CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, shared Manager in CATALINA_HOME
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/manager/-" {
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.ha.session";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.util";
+};
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/webapps/manager/-" {
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.ha.session";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
+ permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.util";
+};
+
+// You can assign additional permissions to particular web applications by
+// adding additional "grant" entries here, based on the code base for that
+// application, /WEB-INF/classes/, or /WEB-INF/lib/ jar files.
+//
+// Different permissions can be granted to JSP pages, classes loaded from
+// the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory, all jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/
+// directory, or even to individual jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/ directory.
+//
+// For instance, assume that the standard "examples" application
+// included a JDBC driver that needed to establish a network connection to the
+// corresponding database and used the scrape taglib to get the weather from
+// the NOAA web server. You might create a "grant" entries like this:
+//
+// The permissions granted to the context root directory apply to JSP pages.
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/-" {
+// permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
+// permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
+// };
+//
+// The permissions granted to the context WEB-INF/classes directory
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/-" {
+// };
+//
+// The permission granted to your JDBC driver
+// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar!/-" {
+// permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
+// };
+// The permission granted to the scrape taglib
+// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/scrape.jar!/-" {
+// permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
+// };
+
+</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+
+ <h3>Starting Tomcat With A SecurityManager</h3>
+
+ <p>Once you have configured the <code>catalina.policy</code> file for use
+ with a SecurityManager, Tomcat can be started with a SecurityManager in
+ place by using the "-security" option:</p>
+<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start -security (Unix)
+%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina start -security (Windows)
+</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Configuring Package Protection in Tomcat"><!--()--></a><a name="Configuring_Package_Protection_in_Tomcat"><strong>Configuring Package Protection in Tomcat</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+ <p>Starting with Tomcat 5, it is now possible to configure which Tomcat
+ internal package are protected againts package definition and access. See
+ <a href="http://java.sun.com/security/seccodeguide.html">
+ http://java.sun.com/security/seccodeguide.html</a>
+ for more information.</p>
+
+
+ <p><strong>WARNING</strong>: Be aware that removing the default package protection
+ could possibly open a security hole</p>
+
+ <h3>The Default Properties File</h3>
+
+ <p>The default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.properties</code> file
+ looks like this:</p>
+<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+#
+# List of comma-separated packages that start with or equal this string
+# will cause a security exception to be thrown when
+# passed to checkPackageAccess unless the
+# corresponding RuntimePermission ("accessClassInPackage."+package) has
+# been granted.
+package.access=sun.,org.apache.catalina.,org.apache.coyote.,org.apache.tomcat.,
+org.apache.jasper.
+#
+# List of comma-separated packages that start with or equal this string
+# will cause a security exception to be thrown when
+# passed to checkPackageDefinition unless the
+# corresponding RuntimePermission ("defineClassInPackage."+package) has
+# been granted.
+#
+# by default, no packages are restricted for definition, and none of
+# the class loaders supplied with the JDK call checkPackageDefinition.
+#
+package.definition=sun.,java.,org.apache.catalina.,org.apache.coyote.,
+org.apache.tomcat.,org.apache.jasper.
+</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+ <p>Once you have configured the <code>catalina.properties</code> file for use
+ with a SecurityManager, remember to re-start Tomcat.</p>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Troubleshooting"><strong>Troubleshooting</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+ <p>If your web application attempts to execute an operation that is
+ prohibited by lack of a required Permission, it will throw an
+ <code>AccessControLException</code> or a <code>SecurityException</code>
+ when the SecurityManager detects the violation. Debugging the permission
+ that is missing can be challenging, and one option is to turn on debug
+ output of all security decisions that are made during execution. This
+ is done by setting a system property before starting Tomcat. The easiest
+ way to do this is via the <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> environment variable.
+ Execute this command:</p>
+<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
+export CATALINA_OPTS=-Djava.security.debug=all (Unix)
+set CATALINA_OPTS=-Djava.security.debug=all (Windows)
+</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
+
+ <p>before starting Tomcat.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - This will generate <em>many megabytes</em>
+ of output! However, it can help you track down problems by searching
+ for the word "FAILED" and determining which permission was being checked
+ for. See the Java security documentation for more options that you can
+ specify here as well.</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="noPrint"><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"></td><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="comments_section" id="comments_section"><strong>Comments</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
+ on improving documentation for Apache Tomcat.<br><br>
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