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4 </style></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
5 The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
6 " border="0"></a></td><td><h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 6.0</font></h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Version 6.0.39, Jan 27 2014</font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.gif" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" class="noPrint"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left" id="mainBody"><h1>Apache Tomcat 6.0</h1><h2>Jasper 2 JSP Engine How To</h2><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
7<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Known_issues">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="#Production_Configuration">Production Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Web_Application_Compilation">Web Application Compilation</a></li><li><a href="#Using_Jikes">Using Jikes</a></li></ul>
8</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
9
10<p>Tomcat 6.0 uses the Jasper 2 JSP Engine to implement
11the <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/Specifications">JavaServer Pages 2.1</a>
12specification.</p>
13
14<p>Jasper 2 has been redesigned to significantly improve performance over
15the original Jasper. In addition to general code improvements the following
16changes were made:
17<ul>
18<li><strong>JSP Custom Tag Pooling</strong> - The java objects instantiated
19for JSP Custom Tags can now be pooled and reused. This significantly boosts
20the performance of JSP pages which use custom tags.</li>
21<li><strong>Background JSP compilation</strong> - If you make a change to
22a JSP page which had already been compiled Jasper 2 can recompile that
23page in the background. The previously compiled JSP page will still be
24available to serve requests. Once the new page has been compiled
25successfully it will replace the old page. This helps improve availability
26of your JSP pages on a production server.</li>
27<li><strong>Recompile JSP when included page changes</strong> - Jasper 2
28can now detect when a page included at compile time from a JSP has changed
29and then recompile the parent JSP.</li>
30<li><strong>JDT used to compile JSP pages</strong> - The
31Eclipse JDT Java compiler is now used to perform JSP java source code
32compilation. This compiler loads source dependencies from the container
33classloader. Ant and javac can still be used.</li>
34</ul>
35</p>
36
37<p>Jasper is implemented using the servlet class
38<code>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</code>.</p>
39
40</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Configuration"><strong>Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
41
42<p>By default Jasper is configured for use when doing web application
43development. See the section <a href="#Production Configuration">
44Production Configuration</a> for information on configuring Jasper
45for use on a production Tomcat server.</p>
46
47<p>The servlet which implements Jasper is configured using init parameters
48in your global <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code>.
49
50<ul>
51<li><strong>checkInterval</strong> - If development is false and checkInterval
52is greater than zero, background compiles are enabled. checkInterval is the time
53in seconds between checks to see if a JSP page (and its dependent files) needs
54to be recompiled. Default <code>0</code> seconds.</li>
55
56<li><strong>classdebuginfo</strong> - Should the class file be compiled with
57debugging information? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
58<code>true</code>.
59</li>
60
61<li><strong>classpath</strong> - Defines the class path to be used to compile
62the generated servlets. This parameter only has an effect if the ServletContext
63attribute org.apache.jasper.Constants.SERVLET_CLASSPATH is not set. This
64attribute is always set when Jasper is used within Tomcat. By default the
65classpath is created dynamically based on the current web application.</li>
66
67<li><strong>compiler</strong> - Which compiler Ant should use to compile JSP
68pages. See the Ant documentation for more information. If the value is not set,
69then the default Eclipse JDT Java compiler will be used instead of using Ant.
70No default value.</li>
71
72<li><strong>compilerSourceVM</strong> - What JDK version are the source files
73compatible with? (Default value: <code>1.5</code>)</li>
74
75<li><strong>compilerTargetVM</strong> - What JDK version are the generated files
76compatible with? (Default value: <code>1.5</code>)</li>
77
78<li><strong>development</strong> - Is Jasper used in development mode? If true,
79the frequency at which JSPs are checked for modification may be specified via
80the modificationTestInterval parameter.<code>true</code> or <code>false</code>,
81default <code>true</code>.</li>
82
83<li><strong>displaySourceFragment</strong> - Should a source fragment be
84included in exception messages? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>,
85default <code>true</code>.</li>
86
87<li><strong>dumpSmap</strong> - Should the SMAP info for JSR45 debugging be
88dumped to a file? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
89<code>false</code>. <code>false</code> if suppressSmap is true.</li>
90
91<li><strong>enablePooling</strong> - Determines whether tag handler pooling is
92enabled. This is a compilation option. It will not alter the behaviour of JSPs
93that have already been compiled. <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>,
94default <code>true</code>.
95</li>
96
97<li><strong>engineOptionsClass</strong> - Allows specifying the Options class
98used to configure Jasper. If not present, the default EmbeddedServletOptions
99will be used.
100</li>
101
102<li><strong>errorOnUseBeanInvalidClassAttribute</strong> - Should Jasper issue
103an error when the value of the class attribute in an useBean action is not a
104valid bean class? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
105<code>true</code>.</li>
106
107<li><strong>fork</strong> - Have Ant fork JSP page compiles so they are
108performed in a separate JVM from Tomcat? <code>true</code> or
109<code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
110
111<li><strong>genStringAsCharArray</strong> - Should text strings be generated as
112char arrays, to improve performance in some cases? Default
113<code>false</code>. The alternative name of <strong>genStrAsCharArray</strong>
114for this initialisation parameter is also supported.</li>
115
116<li><strong>ieClassId</strong> - The class-id value to be sent to Internet
117Explorer when using &lt;jsp:plugin&gt; tags. Default
118<code>clsid:8AD9C840-044E-11D1-B3E9-00805F499D93</code>.</li>
119
120<li><strong>javaEncoding</strong> - Java file encoding to use for generating
121java source files. Default <code>UTF8</code>.</li>
122
123<li><strong>keepgenerated</strong> - Should we keep the generated Java source
124code for each page instead of deleting it? <code>true</code> or
125<code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
126
127<li><strong>mappedfile</strong> - Should we generate static content with one
128print statement per input line, to ease debugging?
129<code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
130
131<li><strong>modificationTestInterval</strong> - Causes a JSP (and its dependent
132files) to not be checked for modification during the specified time interval
133(in seconds) from the last time the JSP was checked for modification. A value of
1340 will cause the JSP to be checked on every access. Used in development mode
135only. Default is <code>4</code> seconds.</li>
136
137<li><strong>recompileOnFail</strong> - If a JSP compilation fails should the
138modificationTestInterval be ignored and the next access trigger a re-compilation
139attempt? Used in development mode only and is disabled by default as compilation
140may be expensive and could lead to excessive resource usage.</li>
141
142<li><strong>scratchdir</strong> - What scratch directory should we use when
143compiling JSP pages? Default is the work directory for the current web
144application.</li>
145
146<li><strong>suppressSmap</strong> - Should the generation of SMAP info for JSR45
147debugging be suppressed? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
148<code>false</code>.</li>
149
150<li><strong>trimSpaces</strong> - Should white spaces in template text between
151actions or directives be trimmed ?, default <code>false</code>.</li>
152
153<li><strong>xpoweredBy</strong> - Determines whether X-Powered-By response
154header is added by generated servlet. <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>,
155default <code>false</code>.</li>
156</ul>
157</p>
158
159<p>The Java compiler from Eclipse JDT in included as the default compiler. It is
160an advanced Java compiler which will load all dependencies from the Tomcat class
161loader, which will help tremendously when compiling on large installations with
162tens of JARs. On fast servers, this will allow sub-second recompilation cycles
163for even large JSP pages.</p>
164
165<p>Apache Ant, which was used in previous Tomcat releases, can be used instead
166of the new compiler by simply removing the <code>lib/ecj-*.jar</code> file,
167and placing the <code>ant.jar</code> and <code>ant-launcher.jar</code> files
168from the latest Ant distribution in the <code>lib</code> folder.</p>
169
170</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Known issues"><!--()--></a><a name="Known_issues"><strong>Known issues</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
171
172<p>As described in
173<a href="https://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=39089">
174bug 39089</a>, a known JVM issue,
175<a href="http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6294277">
176bug 6294277</a>, may cause a
177<code>java.lang.InternalError: name is too long to represent</code> exception
178when compiling very large JSPs. If this is observed then it may be worked around
179by using one of the following:
180<ul>
181<li>reduce the size of the JSP</li>
182<li>disable SMAP generation and JSR-045 support by setting
183<code>suppressSmap</code> to <code>true</code>.</li>
184</ul>
185</p>
186
187</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Production Configuration"><!--()--></a><a name="Production_Configuration"><strong>Production Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
188
189<p>The main JSP optimization which can be done is precompilation of JSPs.
190However, this might not be possible (for example, when using the
191jsp-property-group feature) or practical, in which case the configuration of the
192Jasper servlet becomes critical.</p>
193
194<p>When using Jasper 2 in a production Tomcat server you should consider making
195the following changes from the default configuration.
196<ul>
197<li><strong>development</strong> - To disable on access checks for JSP
198pages compilation set this to <code>false</code>.</li>
199<li><strong>genStringAsCharArray</strong> - To generate slightly more efficient
200char arrays, set this to <code>true</code>.</li>
201<li><strong>modificationTestInterval</strong> - If development has to be set to
202<code>true</code> for any reason (such as dynamic generation of JSPs), setting
203this to a high value will improve performance a lot.</li>
204<li><strong>trimSpaces</strong> - To remove useless bytes from the response,
205set this to <code>true</code>.</li>
206</ul>
207</p>
208
209</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Web Application Compilation"><!--()--></a><a name="Web_Application_Compilation"><strong>Web Application Compilation</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
210
211<p>Using Ant is the preferred way to compile web applications using JSPC. Note
212that when pre-compiling JSPs, SMAP information only be included in the final
213classes if suppressSmap is false and compile is true.
214Use the script given below (a similar script is included in the "deployer"
215download) to precompile a webapp:
216</p>
217
218<p>
219<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
220&lt;project name="Webapp Precompilation" default="all" basedir="."&gt;
221
222 &lt;import file="${tomcat.home}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml"/&gt;
223
224 &lt;target name="jspc"&gt;
225
226 &lt;jasper
227 validateXml="false"
228 uriroot="${webapp.path}"
229 webXmlFragment="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml"
230 outputDir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src" /&gt;
231
232 &lt;/target&gt;
233
234 &lt;target name="compile"&gt;
235
236 &lt;mkdir dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"/&gt;
237 &lt;mkdir dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/lib"/&gt;
238
239 &lt;javac destdir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"
240 optimize="off"
241 debug="on" failonerror="false"
242 srcdir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src"
243 excludes="**/*.smap"&gt;
244 &lt;classpath&gt;
245 &lt;pathelement location="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"/&gt;
246 &lt;fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/lib"&gt;
247 &lt;include name="*.jar"/&gt;
248 &lt;/fileset&gt;
249 &lt;pathelement location="${tomcat.home}/lib"/&gt;
250 &lt;fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/lib"&gt;
251 &lt;include name="*.jar"/&gt;
252 &lt;/fileset&gt;
253 &lt;fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/bin"&gt;
254 &lt;include name="*.jar"/&gt;
255 &lt;/fileset&gt;
256 &lt;/classpath&gt;
257 &lt;include name="**" /&gt;
258 &lt;exclude name="tags/**" /&gt;
259 &lt;/javac&gt;
260
261 &lt;/target&gt;
262
263 &lt;target name="all" depends="jspc,compile"&gt;
264 &lt;/target&gt;
265
266 &lt;target name="cleanup"&gt;
267 &lt;delete&gt;
268 &lt;fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src"/&gt;
269 &lt;fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes/org/apache/jsp"/&gt;
270 &lt;/delete&gt;
271 &lt;/target&gt;
272
273&lt;/project&gt;
274</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
275</p>
276
277<p>
278The following command line can be used to run the script
279(replacing the tokens with the Tomcat base path and the path to the webapp
280which should be precompiled):<br>
281<div align="left"><table cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#ffffff" height="1"><pre>
282$ANT_HOME/bin/ant -Dtomcat.home=&lt;$TOMCAT_HOME&gt; -Dwebapp.path=&lt;$WEBAPP_PATH&gt;
283</pre></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td><td bgcolor="#023264" width="1" height="1"><img src="./images/void.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"></td></tr></table></div>
284</p>
285
286<p>
287Then, the declarations and mappings for the servlets which were generated
288during the precompilation must be added to the web application deployment
289descriptor. Insert the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml</code>
290at the right place inside the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file.
291Restart the web application (using the manager) and test it to verify it is
292running fine with precompiled servlets. An appropriate token placed in the
293web application deployment descriptor may also be used to automatically
294insert the generated servlet declarations and mappings using Ant filtering
295capabilities. This is actually how all the webapps distributed with Tomcat
296are automatically compiled as part of the build process.
297</p>
298
299<p>
300At the jasper task you can use the option <code>addWebXmlMappings</code> for
301automatic merge the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml</code>
302with the current web application deployment descriptor at
303<code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. When you want to use Java 5
304features inside your jsp's, add the following javac compiler task attributes:
305<code>source="1.5" target="1.5"</code>. For live
306applications you can also compile with <code>optimize="on"</code> and
307without debug info <code>debug="off"</code>.
308</p>
309
310<p>
311When you don't want to stop the jsp generation at first jsp syntax error, use
312<code>failOnError="false"</code>and with
313<code>showSuccess="true"</code> all successfull <i>jsp to java</i>
314generation are printed out. Sometimes it is very helpfull, when you cleanup the
315generate java source files at <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src</code>
316and the compile jsp servlet classes at
317<code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes/org/apache/jsp</code>.
318</p>
319
320<p><strong>Hints:</strong>
321<ul>
322<li> When you switch to another Tomcat release, then regenerate and recompile
323your jsp's with the new Tomcat version.</li>
324<li>Use java system property at server runtime to disable PageContext pooling
325<code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspFactoryImpl.USE_POOL=false</code>.
326and limit the buffering with
327<code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER=true</code>. Note
328that changing from the defaults may affect performance, but it will vary
329depending on the application.</li>
330</ul>
331</p>
332</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Using Jikes"><!--()--></a><a name="Using_Jikes"><strong>Using Jikes</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
333
334<p>If you wish to use
335<a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/">
336Jikes</a> to compile JSP pages:
337<ul>
338<li>From your <a href="http://ant.apache.org">Ant</a> installation, copy ant.jar
339and (if it's available: Ant 1.5 and later) ant-launcher.jar to
340<code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>.</li>
341<li>Download and install jikes. jikes must support the -encoding option.
342Execute <code>jikes -help</code> to verify that it was built with support
343for <code>-encoding</code>.</li>
344<li>Set the init parameter <code>compiler</code> to <code>jikes</code>.</li>
345<li>Define the property <code>-Dbuild.compiler.emacs=true</code> when starting
346Tomcat by adding it to your <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> environment variable.
347This changes how jikes outputs error messages so that it is compatible with
348Jasper.</li>
349<li>If you get an error reporting that jikes can't use UTF8 encoding, try
350setting the init parameter <code>javaEncoding</code> to
351<code>ISO-8859-1</code>.</li>
352</ul>
353</p>
354
355</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td colspan="2"><div align="center"><font color="#525D76" size="-1"><em>
356 Copyright &copy; 1999-2014, Apache Software Foundation
357 </em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>