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Cheng Tang07b30872014-04-27 16:37:18 +0800[diff] [blame^]1<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 7 (7.0.42) - Introduction</title><meta name="author" content="Robert Slifka"><style type="text/css" media="print">
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19 </style></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
20 The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
21 " border="0"></a></td><td><h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 7</font></h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Version 7.0.42, Jul 2 2013</font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.gif" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left" id="mainBody"><h1>Introduction</h1><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
22<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Terminology">Terminology</a></li><li><a href="#Directories_and_Files">Directories and Files</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Tomcat">Configuring Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Where_to_Go_for_Help">Where to Go for Help</a></li></ul>
23</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
24
25<p>For administrators and web developers alike, there are some important bits
26of information you should familiarize yourself with before starting out. This
27document serves as a brief introduction to some of the concepts and
28terminology behind the Tomcat container. As well, where to go when you need
29help.</p>
30
31</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Terminology"><strong>Terminology</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
32
33<p>In the course of reading these documents, you will run across a number of
34terms; some specific to Tomcat, and others defined by the
35<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/Specifications">Servlet and
36JSP specifications</a>.</p>
37
38<ul>
39<li><strong>Context</strong> - In a nutshell, a Context is a
40 web application.</li>
41<li><strong>Term2</strong> - This is it.</li>
42<li><strong>Term3</strong> - This is it!</li>
43</ul>
44
45</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Directories and Files"><!--()--></a><a name="Directories_and_Files"><strong>Directories and Files</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
46
47<p>Throughout the docs, you'll notice there are numerous references to
48<strong>$CATALINA_HOME</strong>. This represents the root of your Tomcat
49installation. When we say, "This information can be found in your
50$CATALINA_HOME/README.txt file" we mean to look at the README.txt file at the
51root of your Tomcat install. Optionally, Tomcat may be configured for multiple
52instances by defining <strong>$CATALINA_BASE</strong> for each instance. If
53multiple instances are not configured, <strong>$CATALINA_BASE</strong> is the
54same as <strong>$CATALINA_HOME</strong>.</p>
55
56<p>These are some of the key tomcat directories:</p>
57
58<ul>
59<li><strong>/bin</strong> - Startup, shutdown, and other scripts. The
60 <code>*.sh</code> files (for Unix systems) are functional duplicates of
61 the <code>*.bat</code> files (for Windows systems). Since the Win32
62 command-line lacks certain functionality, there are some additional
63 files in here.</li>
64<li><strong>/conf</strong> - Configuration files and related DTDs. The most
65 important file in here is server.xml. It is the main configuration file
66 for the container.</li>
67<li><strong>/logs</strong> - Log files are here by default.</li>
68<li><strong>/webapps</strong> - This is where your webapps go.</li>
69</ul>
70
71</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Configuring Tomcat"><!--()--></a><a name="Configuring_Tomcat"><strong>Configuring Tomcat</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
72
73<p>This section will acquaint you with the basic information used during
74the configuration of the container.</p>
75
76<p>All of the information in the configuration files is read at startup,
77meaning that any change to the files necessitates a restart of the container.
78</p>
79
80</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Where to Go for Help"><!--()--></a><a name="Where_to_Go_for_Help"><strong>Where to Go for Help</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
81
82<p>While we've done our best to ensure that these documents are clearly
83written and easy to understand, we may have missed something. Provided
84below are various web sites and mailing lists in case you get stuck.</p>
85
86<p>As Tomcat 7 is a new release of Tomcat, keep in mind that some of the
87issues and solutions vary between the major versions of Tomcat (6.x versus
887.x). As you search around the web, there will be some documentation that
89is not relevant to Tomcat 7, but 6.x, 5.x or earlier versions. Doing 3.x
90or 4.x things to 7 will probably not work in most cases as the server.xml
91files are very different.</p>
92
93<ul>
94<li>Current document - most documents will list potential hangups. Be sure
95 to fully read the relevant documentation as it will save you much time
96 and effort. There's nothing like scouring the web only to find out that
97 the answer was right in front of you all along!</li>
98<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">Tomcat FAQ</a></li>
99<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/">Tomcat WIKI</a></li>
100<li>Tomcat FAQ at <a href="http://www.jguru.com/faq/home.jsp?topic=Tomcat">jGuru</a></li>
101<li>Tomcat mailing list archives - numerous sites archive the Tomcat mailing
102 lists. Since the links change over time, clicking here will search
103 <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=tomcat+mailing+list+archives">Google</a>.
104 </li>
105<li>The TOMCAT-USER mailing list, which you can subscribe to
106 <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">here</a>. If you don't
107 get a reply, then there's a good chance that your question was probably
108 answered in the list archives or one of the FAQs. Although questions
109 about web application development in general are sometimes asked and
110 answered, please focus your questions on Tomcat-specific issues.</li>
111<li>The TOMCAT-DEV mailing list, which you can subscribe to
112 <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">here</a>. This list is
113 <strong>reserved</strong> for discussions about the development of Tomcat
114 itself. Questions about Tomcat configuration, and the problems you run
115 into while developing and running applications, will normally be more
116 appropriate on the TOMCAT-USER list instead.</li>
117</ul>
118
119<p>And, if you think something should be in the docs, by all means let us know
120on the TOMCAT-DEV list.</p>
121
122</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="noPrint"><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"></td><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="comments_section" id="comments_section"><strong>Comments</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
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