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刘洪青6266f992017-05-15 21:21:03 +0800[diff] [blame^]1<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 7 (7.0.77) - Introduction</title><meta name="author" content="Robert Slifka"><style type="text/css" media="print">
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79</style></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#525D76" alink="#525D76" vlink="#525D76"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img src="./images/tomcat.gif" align="right" alt="
Hongqing Liufd5ee812014-05-10 16:32:51 +0800[diff] [blame]80 The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
刘洪青6266f992017-05-15 21:21:03 +0800[diff] [blame^]81 " border="0"></a></td><td><h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 7</font></h1><font face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Version 7.0.77, Mar 28 2017</font></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" align="right" alt="Apache Logo" border="0" style="width: 266px;height: 83px;"></a></td></tr></table><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="4"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr noshade size="1"></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul><p><strong>User Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">16) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 2.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left" id="mainBody"><h1>Introduction</h1><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
Hongqing Liufd5ee812014-05-10 16:32:51 +0800[diff] [blame]82<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Terminology">Terminology</a></li><li><a href="#Directories_and_Files">Directories and Files</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Tomcat">Configuring Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Where_to_Go_for_Help">Where to Go for Help</a></li></ul>
83</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
84
85<p>For administrators and web developers alike, there are some important bits
86of information you should familiarize yourself with before starting out. This
87document serves as a brief introduction to some of the concepts and
88terminology behind the Tomcat container. As well, where to go when you need
89help.</p>
90
91</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Terminology"><strong>Terminology</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
92
93<p>In the course of reading these documents, you will run across a number of
94terms; some specific to Tomcat, and others defined by the
95<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/Specifications">Servlet and
96JSP specifications</a>.</p>
97
98<ul>
99<li><strong>Context</strong> - In a nutshell, a Context is a
100 web application.</li>
101<li><strong>Term2</strong> - This is it.</li>
102<li><strong>Term3</strong> - This is it!</li>
103</ul>
104
105</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Directories and Files"><!--()--></a><a name="Directories_and_Files"><strong>Directories and Files</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
106
107<p>Throughout the docs, you'll notice there are numerous references to
108<strong>$CATALINA_HOME</strong>. This represents the root of your Tomcat
109installation. When we say, "This information can be found in your
110$CATALINA_HOME/README.txt file" we mean to look at the README.txt file at the
111root of your Tomcat install. Optionally, Tomcat may be configured for multiple
112instances by defining <strong>$CATALINA_BASE</strong> for each instance. If
113multiple instances are not configured, <strong>$CATALINA_BASE</strong> is the
114same as <strong>$CATALINA_HOME</strong>.</p>
115
116<p>These are some of the key tomcat directories:</p>
117
118<ul>
119<li><strong>/bin</strong> - Startup, shutdown, and other scripts. The
120 <code>*.sh</code> files (for Unix systems) are functional duplicates of
121 the <code>*.bat</code> files (for Windows systems). Since the Win32
122 command-line lacks certain functionality, there are some additional
123 files in here.</li>
124<li><strong>/conf</strong> - Configuration files and related DTDs. The most
125 important file in here is server.xml. It is the main configuration file
126 for the container.</li>
127<li><strong>/logs</strong> - Log files are here by default.</li>
128<li><strong>/webapps</strong> - This is where your webapps go.</li>
129</ul>
130
131</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Configuring Tomcat"><!--()--></a><a name="Configuring_Tomcat"><strong>Configuring Tomcat</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
132
133<p>This section will acquaint you with the basic information used during
134the configuration of the container.</p>
135
136<p>All of the information in the configuration files is read at startup,
137meaning that any change to the files necessitates a restart of the container.
138</p>
139
140</blockquote></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="Where to Go for Help"><!--()--></a><a name="Where_to_Go_for_Help"><strong>Where to Go for Help</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
141
142<p>While we've done our best to ensure that these documents are clearly
143written and easy to understand, we may have missed something. Provided
144below are various web sites and mailing lists in case you get stuck.</p>
145
刘洪青6266f992017-05-15 21:21:03 +0800[diff] [blame^]146<p>As Tomcat 7 is a new release of Tomcat, keep in mind that some of the
147issues and solutions vary between the major versions of Tomcat (6.x versus
1487.x). As you search around the web, there will be some documentation that
149is not relevant to Tomcat 7, but 6.x, 5.x or earlier versions. Doing 3.x
150or 4.x things to 7 will probably not work in most cases as the server.xml
151files are very different.</p>
Hongqing Liufd5ee812014-05-10 16:32:51 +0800[diff] [blame]152
153<ul>
154<li>Current document - most documents will list potential hangups. Be sure
155 to fully read the relevant documentation as it will save you much time
156 and effort. There's nothing like scouring the web only to find out that
157 the answer was right in front of you all along!</li>
刘洪青6266f992017-05-15 21:21:03 +0800[diff] [blame^]158<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">Tomcat FAQ</a></li>
Hongqing Liufd5ee812014-05-10 16:32:51 +0800[diff] [blame]159<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/">Tomcat WIKI</a></li>
160<li>Tomcat FAQ at <a href="http://www.jguru.com/faq/home.jsp?topic=Tomcat">jGuru</a></li>
161<li>Tomcat mailing list archives - numerous sites archive the Tomcat mailing
162 lists. Since the links change over time, clicking here will search
163 <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=tomcat+mailing+list+archives">Google</a>.
164 </li>
165<li>The TOMCAT-USER mailing list, which you can subscribe to
166 <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">here</a>. If you don't
167 get a reply, then there's a good chance that your question was probably
168 answered in the list archives or one of the FAQs. Although questions
169 about web application development in general are sometimes asked and
170 answered, please focus your questions on Tomcat-specific issues.</li>
171<li>The TOMCAT-DEV mailing list, which you can subscribe to
172 <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">here</a>. This list is
173 <strong>reserved</strong> for discussions about the development of Tomcat
174 itself. Questions about Tomcat configuration, and the problems you run
175 into while developing and running applications, will normally be more
176 appropriate on the TOMCAT-USER list instead.</li>
177</ul>
178
179<p>And, if you think something should be in the docs, by all means let us know
刘洪青6266f992017-05-15 21:21:03 +0800[diff] [blame^]180on the TOMCAT-DEV list.</p>
Hongqing Liufd5ee812014-05-10 16:32:51 +0800[diff] [blame]181
刘洪青6266f992017-05-15 21:21:03 +0800[diff] [blame^]182</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="noPrint"><td width="20%" valign="top" nowrap class="noPrint"></td><td width="80%" valign="top" align="left"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica.sanserif"><a name="comments_section" id="comments_section"><strong>Comments</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
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